Quark Mass and Flavour Dependence of the QCD Phase Transition

We analyze the quark mass and flavour dependence of the QCD phase transition temperature. When the lightest pseudo-scalar meson mass (m PS) is larger than 2 GeV the critical temperature is controlled by the gluonic sector of QCD alone. For smaller values of the lightest meson mass the pseudo-critical temperature decreases slowly with m PS. For a large regime of meson masses the pseudo-critical temperature of 2-flavour QCD is about 10% larger than in the 3-flavour case. On lattices with temporal extent N τ = 4 an extrapolation to the chiral limit yields T c = (173±8) MeV and (154±8) MeV for 2 and 3-flavour QCD, respectively. We also analyze dynamical quark mass effects on the screening of the heavy quark potential. A detailed analysis of the heavy quark free energy in 3-flavour QCD shows that close to T c screening effects are approximately quark mass independent already for pseudo-scalar meson masses m PS < ∼ 800 MeV and screening sets in at distances r ≃ 0.3 fm.